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Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Rodrygo with Santos in Rodrygo Silva de Goes. Osasco , Brazil. Real Madrid. Rape and Domestic Violence : The law criminalizes rape, including spousal rape.
Intimate partner violence remained both widespread and underreported to authorities, due to fear of retribution, further violence, and social stigma. In March, Congress passed a law that sets a prison sentence of 12 to 30 years for anyone convicted of killing a woman or girl in cases of domestic violence. Longer sentences can be set for killing a pregnant woman, girls under 14, or women who are over 60 or disabled.
The federal government maintained a toll-free nationwide hotline for women to report instances of intimate partner violence Dial The hotline has the authority to mobilize military police units to respond to such reports and to follow up regarding the status of the case.
In March the "Dial International" hotline, which enables Brazilian victims of gender-based violence to call from abroad, was expanded to 13 more countries. According to the Secretariat for Women's Policies, if a complaint is credible, the secretariat works with the Ministry of Justice, Federal Police, and foreign governments to ensure the victim has access to necessary support services. The centers house special women's precincts, psychological specialists, legal advisers, and employment services for victims of gender-based violence.
On August 3, the Rio de Janeiro Court of Justice launched the second edition of a national campaign with a task force organized to accelerate trials of crimes involving violence against women. From January to June, 34, of , cases of gender-based violence were brought to trial in the state. Each state secretariat for public security operated police stations dedicated exclusively to addressing crimes against women. The stations provided psychological counseling, temporary shelter, and hospital treatment for survivors of intimate partner violence, including rape, as well as criminal prosecution assistance by investigating incidents and forwarding evidence to courts.
State and local governments also operated reference centers and temporary women's shelters. The IBGE reported 8 percent of municipalities had a dedicated space for the protection and care of survivors of gender-based violence. The law requires health facilities to contact police about cases in which a woman was harmed physically, sexually, or psychologically and to collect evidence and statements should the victim decide to prosecute.
Sexual Harassment : Sexual harassment is a criminal offense, punishable by up to two years in prison.
Often, the period for charging defendants had to be extended because of court backlogs. Novos Estudos Cebrap , v. Please wait. The National Documentation of Rural Workers initiative offered assistance in obtaining identification cards, birth certificates for children born in rural areas, labor cards, and tax documents. Authorities at times did not effectively enforce laws protecting freedom of association and collective bargaining. Read the full OurTime review. The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate had human rights committees that operated without interference and participated in several activities nationwide in coordination with domestic and international human rights organizations.
The law prohibits sexual advances in the workplace or educational institutions and between service providers or clients. In the workplace it applies only in hierarchical situations where the harasser is of higher rank or position than the victim. Reproductive Rights : Couples and individuals have the right to decide the number, spacing, and timing of children; manage their reproductive health; and have access to the information and means to do so, free from discrimination, coercion, or violence.
Discrimination : Although the law prohibits discrimination based on gender in employment and wages, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development reported that during the year women received 62 percent of the income of men for comparable work. According to the IBGE, from to , women constituted 43 percent of the labor force, while men made up 57 percent. Birth Registration : Citizenship is derived from birth in the country or from a parent. According to IBGE census data, there were approximately , unregistered children under the age of 10 nationwide. Without birth certificates children cannot be vaccinated or enrolled in school.
If the problem persists into adulthood, an unregistered adult cannot obtain a worker's card or receive retirement benefits. The National Council of Justice, in partnership with the Secretariat of Human Rights SDH , aimed to reduce the number of such children by registering children born in maternity wards. The National Documentation of Rural Workers initiative offered assistance in obtaining identification cards, birth certificates for children born in rural areas, labor cards, and tax documents.
From to , the percentage of children without a birth certificate dropped from Child Abuse : Abuse and neglect of children and adolescents were problems. Children and adolescents were victims of rape and molestation, and girls were impregnated by family members. The SDH oversaw a program that established nationwide strategies for combating child sexual abuse and best practices for treating victims. The government maintained a protection program for children and adolescents.
Sixty percent of the children in the program had received death threats due to involvement in drug trafficking, and most entered the program accompanied by one or more family members. The program offered psychological counseling and technical courses to reinsert these youth into stable community situations.
Early and Forced Marriage : The legal minimum age of marriage is 18 age 16 with parental or legal representative consent. According to data from UNICEF, more than 11 percent of women age were married before age 15, and 36 percent of women age were married before age Sexual Exploitation of Children : The law sets a minimum age of 14 for consensual sex, with the penalty for statutory rape ranging from eight to 15 years in prison. The country was a destination for child sex tourism. Several major coastal cities in the Northeast served as tourist destinations for the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.
Additionally, reports indicated sexual exploitation of children and adolescents increased around major construction projects. While no specific laws address child sex tourism, it is punishable under other criminal offenses. The law defines sexual exploitation as prostitution of children, sexual activity, production of child pornography, and public or private sex shows. In May the sexual exploitation of children, adolescents, and other vulnerable persons became a "heinous crime" punishable by four to 10 years in prison.
The law criminalizes child pornography. The penalty for possession of child pornography is up to four years in prison and a fine.
Although the country is not a large-scale producer of child pornography, such material was disseminated on social networking websites. The Ministry of Tourism promoted its code of conduct to prevent the commercial sexual exploitation of children in the tourism industry. The Federal Highway Police and the ILO disseminated awareness materials in places such as gas stations, bars, restaurants, motels, and nightclubs along highways considered areas for sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.
The Federal Police maintains a database to track trafficking for sexual exploitation cases, but there is no central database to record violations for introducing a child into prostitution or inducing a child to participate in pornography. Federal Highway Police aided in identifying points of increased risk for sexual exploitation of children along federal highways.
The southeastern region of the country was identified as the region with the most high-risk points , followed by the Northeast For information see the Department of State's report on compliance at travel. According to the Jewish Federation, there were approximately , Jewish citizens, of whom approximately 50, were in the state of Sao Paulo and 20, in Rio de Janeiro State. It is illegal to write, edit, publish, or sell books that promote anti-Semitism or racism. The law enables courts to fine or imprison anyone who displays, distributes, or broadcasts anti-Semitic materials and mandates a two- to five-year prison term.
A study estimated there were approximately , neo-Nazis in the three southern states and 29, in Sao Paulo State. According to news reports, Professor Jose Fernando Schlosser, the dean of postgraduate studies at the Federal University of Santa Maria in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, was accused by the Israeli Confederation of Brazil of anti-Semitism after he sent a memorandum on May 15 requesting that department leaders provide a list of Israeli students and lecturers attending the university.
The memorandum was sent at the request of student groups, including the Association of Solidarity with the Palestinian People, according to the media, and reportedly sent to harass Israeli students and lecturers. A university spokesman apologized for the incident, noting the university's unequivocal stance against "racism," and stated university leadership had immediately called for a Federal Police investigation. The law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical and mental disabilities in employment, air travel and other transportation, education, and access to health care, and the federal government generally enforced these provisions.
According to official sources, an estimated 24 percent of the population had some form of disability. While federal and state laws mandate access to buildings for persons with disabilities, states did not enforce them effectively. In July, President Rousseff signed the Brazilian Inclusion of People with Disabilities Act, a legal framework on the rights of persons with disabilities.

The law seeks to promote greater accessibility through expanded federal oversight of the Statute of Cities, harsher criminal penalties for discrimination based on disability, inclusive health services with provision of services near residences and rural areas, and a greater share of revenues given from federal lotteries for the Brazilian Paralympic Committee. The National Council for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the National Council for the Rights of the Elderly, both within the SDH, have primary responsibility for promoting the rights of persons with disabilities.
According to the SDH, specific problems included the short supply of affordable and up-to-date orthotics and prosthetics, scarcity of affordable housing with special adaptations, and a need for greater accessibility to public transport. Children with disabilities attended school primary, secondary, and higher education , but there existed a shortage of schools with support for such persons.
The lack of accessible infrastructure and schools significantly limited the ability of persons with disabilities to participate in the workforce.
Civil society organizations acknowledged that monitoring and enforcement of disability policies remained weak, and they criticized a lack of accessibility to public transportation, weak application of employment quotas, and a limited medical-based definition of disability that often excludes learning disabilities. The government improved access for persons with disabilities in its infrastructure development and in retrofitting public sports venues to prepare for sporting events such as the Soccer World Cup and the Paralympics games.
The law prohibits racial discrimination, specifically the denial of public or private facilities, employment, or housing, to anyone based on race. The law also prohibits the incitement of racial discrimination or prejudice and the dissemination of racially offensive symbols and epithets and stipulates prison terms for such acts. The census reported that for the first time white persons constituted less than half the population, as approximately 52 percent of the population identified themselves as belonging to categories other than white.
Despite laws and a high representation within the general population, darker-skinned citizens, particularly Afro-Brazilians, frequently encountered discrimination. Afro-Brazilians continued to be underrepresented in the government, professional positions, and middle and upper classes. They experienced a higher rate of unemployment and earned average wages below those of whites in similar positions. There was also a sizeable education gap.
Afro-Brazilians were disproportionately affected by crime, and black males were twice as likely as their white counterparts to be homicide victims. The Racial Equality Statute continued to be controversial, due to its provision for nonquota affirmative action policies in education and employment.
In the Supreme Court upheld racial quota systems at universities as constitutional, and a quotas law went into effect that gave the 59 federal universities four years to provide that half of the students of their incoming classes be from public schools, which generally enrolled a higher percentage of Afro-Brazilian students than private schools.