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Refworld | Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Brazil
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Find out more in our About HIV pages. More news from United States. Children and adolescents were victims of rape and molestation, including girls impregnated by family members. The SDH oversaw a program that established nationwide strategies for combating child sexual abuse and best practices for treating victims.
The government maintained a protection program for children and adolescents.
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Sixty percent of the children in the program had received death threats due to involvement in drug trafficking, and most entered the program accompanied by one or more family members. The program offered psychological counseling and technical courses to reinsert these youth into stable community situations.
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Early and Forced Marriage : The legal minimum age of marriage is 18 age 16 with parental or legal representative consent. According to data from the UN Children's Fund, 11 percent of women ages were married before age 15, and 36 percent of women ages were married before age Sexual Exploitation of Children : Sexual exploitation of children, adolescents, and other vulnerable persons is punishable by four to 10 years in prison if convicted. The law defines sexual exploitation as prostitution of children, sexual activity, production of child pornography, and public or private sex shows. The law sets a minimum age of 14 for consensual sex, with the penalty for conviction of statutory rape ranging from eight to 15 years in prison.
While no specific laws address child sex tourism, it is punishable under other criminal offenses. The country was a destination for child sex tourism. Several major coastal cities in the Northeast were tourist destinations for the trafficking of children and adolescents for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation.
Looking for Love: Top HIV Dating Sites · Poz Personals · PozMatch · HIV and Single · Volttage · Positive Singles · Hzone · HIV Passions · HIV People Meet. Botswana and Brazil included DTG as first‐line treatment in in substitution Despite efforts to date, they continue to be extremely vulnerable, both socially Recent epidemic of acute hepatitis C virus in HIV‐positive men who have Reference Center of Aids and Hepatitis (TRCAH), Diadema, Brazil.
Additionally, reports indicated sexual exploitation of children and adolescents increased around major construction projects. The law criminalizes child pornography. The penalty for conviction of possession of child pornography is up to four years in prison and a fine. The Ministry of Tourism promoted its code of conduct to prevent the commercial sexual exploitation of children in the tourism industry.
The Federal Highway Police and the International Labor Organization disseminated awareness materials in places such as gas stations, bars, restaurants, motels, and nightclubs along highways considered areas for sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. According to the Jewish Federation, there were approximately , Jewish citizens, of whom approximately 50, were in the state of Sao Paulo and 25, in Rio de Janeiro State. It is illegal to write, edit, publish, or sell books that promote anti-Semitism or racism. The law enables courts to fine or imprison anyone who displays, distributes, or broadcasts anti-Semitic materials and for those convicted mandates a two- to five-year prison term.
Several leaders of the Jewish and interfaith communities stated overt anti-Semitism remained limited. According to local reports, Casa Mafalda, an autonomous space for culture and politics in the city of Sao Paulo, was targeted by a neo-Nazi group who painted a swastika on the entrance gate of the institution and wrote references to Hitler. The law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical and mental disabilities in employment, air travel and other transportation, education, the judicial system, and access to health care, and the federal government generally enforced these provisions.
While federal and state laws mandate access to buildings for persons with disabilities, states did not enforce them effectively. The Brazilian Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities Act, a legal framework on the rights of persons with disabilities, seeks to promote greater accessibility through expanded federal oversight of the Statute of Cities, harsher criminal penalties for conviction of discrimination based on disability, and inclusive health services with provision of services near residences and rural areas.
The National Council for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the National Council for the Rights of the Elderly have primary responsibility for promoting the rights of persons with disabilities.
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According to the SDH, specific problems included the short supply of affordable and up-to-date orthotics and prosthetics, scarcity of affordable housing with special adaptations, and a need for greater accessibility to public transport. Children with disabilities attended primary and secondary schools and higher educational institutions, but there was a shortage of schools with adequate support. The lack of accessible infrastructure and schools significantly limited the ability of persons with disabilities to participate in the workforce.
Civil society organizations acknowledged that monitoring and enforcement of disability policies remained weak, and criticized a lack of accessibility to public transportation, weak application of employment quotas, and a limited medical-based definition of disability that often excludes learning disabilities.
The government improved access for persons with disabilities in its infrastructure development and in retrofitting public sports venues to prepare for sporting events such as the Paralympic Games. The law prohibits racial discrimination, specifically the denial of public or private facilities, employment, or housing, to anyone based on race.
The law also prohibits the incitement of racial discrimination or prejudice and the dissemination of racially offensive symbols and epithets, and it stipulates prison terms for such acts. The census reported that for the first time white persons constituted less than half the population; approximately 52 percent of the population identified themselves as belonging to categories other than white. Despite this high representation within the general population, darker-skinned citizens, particularly Afro-Brazilians, frequently encountered discrimination.
Afro-Brazilians were underrepresented in the government, professional positions, and middle and upper classes. They experienced a higher rate of unemployment and earned average wages below those of whites in similar positions. There was also a sizeable education gap.
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Afro-Brazilians were disproportionately affected by crime; according to one congressional investigative report, black men were 3. The Racial Equality Statute continued to be controversial, due to its provision for nonquota affirmative action policies in education and employment. In the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial quota systems at universities. A quotas law went into effect that gave the 59 federal universities four years to provide for half of the students of incoming classes to be from public schools, which generally enrolled a higher percentage of Afro-Brazilian students than did private schools.
The law requires 20 percent of federal public administration positions be filled by Afro-Brazilians.
Sanctions vary from warnings and fines to the temporary suspension or termination of a business license. The law provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. While no specific laws address child sex tourism, it is punishable under other criminal offenses. CD4 vs. The incidents occurred during arrest and interrogation by police and also while inmates were in the custody of prison personnel. Child Abuse : Abuse and neglect of children and adolescents were problems. Despite national laws prohibiting politically motivated judicial censorship, some local-level courts engaged in judicial censorship.
In August the Ministry of Planning established a requirement for government ministries to set up internal committees to validate the self-declared ethnicity claims of public-service job applicants by using phenotypic criteria, essentially assessing "blackness" in an attempt to reduce abuse of affirmative action policy and related laws. According to data from the National Indigenous Foundation FUNAI and the census, there were approximately , indigenous persons, representing distinct indigenous ethnic groups and speaking distinct languages.
The law grants the indigenous population broad protection of their cultural patrimony, exclusive use of their traditional lands, and exclusive beneficial use of their territory. Congress must consult with the tribes involved when considering requests to exploit mineral and water resources, including ones with energy potential, on indigenous lands. The law grants indigenous tribes rights to a portion of the profit resulting from mining.
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According to the constitution, all aboveground and underground minerals as well as hydroelectric-power potential belong to the government. FUNAI has a mandated role for an indigenous consultation process, but human rights groups expressed concerns that most of the requirements for indigenous consultation remained unmet and that the body's budget was significantly cut during the year. Illegal logging, drug trafficking, and mining, as well as changes in the environment from large infrastructure projects, forced indigenous tribes to move to new areas or make their demarcated indigenous territories smaller than established by law.
According to FUNAI, the federal government established rules for providing financial compensation following the occupation in good faith of indigenous areas, as in the cases of companies that won development contracts affecting indigenous lands. Various indigenous peoples protested the slow pace of land demarcations. The latest report of the Indigenous Missionary Council cited data from the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health showing indigenous persons were killed across the country. The council's own research separately found 54 killings of indigenous persons throughout the country.
In June public health worker Clodiodi Aquileu Rodrigues de Souza was shot and killed and six indigenous persons were injured in the municipality of Carapo in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, on land claimed by the Guarani Kaiowa indigenous group. Paramilitary forces acting on instructions of wealthy land owners allegedly carried out the attack as a reprisal against the indigenous community for seeking recognition of their land rights.
Federal law does not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, but several states and municipalities have administrative regulations that prohibit such discrimination and provide for equal access to government services. Social discrimination remained a problem, especially against the transgender population. The criminal code states offenses subject to criminal prosecution fall under federal statutes, leaving hate crimes subject to administrative, not criminal penalties.
2016 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Brazil
In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the law penalizes commercial establishments that discriminate on grounds of sexual orientation. Sanctions vary from warnings and fines to the temporary suspension or termination of a business license. His body was partially naked and showed signs of abuse.
Friends alleged that the fact he was gay, black, poor, and born in the north of the country clearly played a role. They also said Machado had received several threats prior to the attack. Meetings were open to the public and broadcast over the internet. According to the Catholic NGO Pastoral Land Commission, rural violence, death threats, and killings of environmentalists continued to take place. A commission press release cited 47 such killings of environmentalists through September.
Global Witness reported 50 killings of environmental activists in with 90 percent occurring in the states of Maranhao, Para, and Rondonia. In October Luiz Araujo, the environmental and tourism secretary of the city of Altamira in the state of Para, was shot and killed in his driveway. Media outlets reported it appeared to be a targeted killing, and an associate of Araujo said he was under pressure because of his efforts against illegal deforestation. The Brazilian Committee of Human Rights Defenders also reported that in the first four months of the year, 24 human rights defenders were killed, 21 of whom were from organizations that defended land rights.