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National TB programmes might be more likely to achieve their control targets if they include interventions aimed at improving adherence and cure rates, by diagnosing and treating substance abuse concurrently with standard TB therapy. Violence during pregnancy and newborn outcomes: a cohort study in a disadvantaged population in Brazil. Violence against pregnant women is an increasing public health concern.
The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of violence during pregnancy, to identify characteristics associated and to assess the impact of violence on newborn outcomes. Prospective cohort study of pregnant women attending primary care clinics in Southern Brazil , from June to September Women with gestational age ranging from 16th and 36th were enrolled and their exposure to violence and mental disorder was assessed.
After the birth they were contacted by telephone when information on obstetric and neonatal outcomes was obtained. Any violence during current pregnancy was reported by These women were more often of low income, did not work or study and had inadequate prenatal care and pregnancy weight gain. There was a statistically significant crude association between exposure to physical and psychological violence [relative risk RR 3. After adjustment for family income, number of prenatal visits, length of gestation and gestational weight gain, the effect size decreased, but remained statistically significant RR 2.
In disadvantaged settings in Brazil , violence in pregnancy is frequent; it is associated with inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy and prenatal care, and increases risk of low birth-weight. Thus, violence in pregnancy imposes a challenge to effective prenatal care delivery with potential benefits to the mother and her baby. Full Text Available The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus DM worldwide, especially in developing countries, and the persistence of tuberculosis TB as a major public health issue in these same regions, emphasize the importance of investigating this association.
Here, we compared the clinical profile and disease outcomes of TB patients with or without coincident DM in a TB reference center in Brazil. Data on diagnosis of TB and DM were used to define the groups. The study groups were compared with regard to TB disease presentation at diagnosis as well as to clinical outcomes such as cure and mortality rates upon anti-tuberculosis therapy ATT initiation. A composite score utilizing clinical, radiological and microbiological parameters was used to compare TB severity between the groups. DM patients were older than non-diabetic TB patients.
In addition, diabetic individuals more frequently presented with cough, night sweats, hemoptysis and malaise than those without DM. The overall pattern of lung lesions assessed by chest radiographic examination was similar between the groups. Compared to non-diabetic patients, those with TB-diabetes exhibited positive acid-fast bacilli in sputum samples more frequently at diagnosis and at 30 days after ATT initiation.
Notably, higher values of the TB severity score were significantly associated with TB-diabetes comorbidity after adjustment for confounding factors. Moreover, during ATT, diabetic patients required more frequent transfers to TB reference hospitals for complex clinical management. Nevertheless, overall mortality and cure rates were indistinguishable between the study groups. These findings reinforce the idea that diabetes negatively impacts pulmonary TB severity.
Our study argues for the systematic screening for DM in TB reference centers in endemic. Factors associated with death from dengue in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil : historical cohort study. To analyse the clinical and epidemiological profiles of dengue haemorrhagic fever DHF , dengue shock syndrome DSS and complicated dengue cases and deaths from to that occurred in the state of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil , and to identify factors associated with death from dengue.
A descriptive analysis of the DHF, DSS and complicated dengue cases and deaths was performed; the incidence, mortality and case-fatality rates were estimated. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with death from dengue. Comorbidities were not included in the analysis because the information system does not contain such data.
The factors associated with death from dengue included residence in a municipality with a population of fewer than , inhabitants [odds ratio OR 2. The results support the importance of plasma leakage as a warning sign associated with death from dengue as well as the signs and symptoms that allow the diagnosis of DHF. Moreover, our findings suggest that increased attention is necessary for individuals over 65 years of age and in municipalities with populations under , inhabitants to ensure a better quality of care during the management of severe patients of dengue in these locations. Differences in the interpretation of the DHF definition have hindered the comparison of data from different countries; it can improve from the WHO dengue classification.
The study recorded the use of medicines in the previous 15 days, continuous use of some medication, level of physical activity by questionnaire and accelerometry , and screen time TV, computer, and videogame. In the adjusted analysis, the results showed that higher levels of physical activity at 18 years and less screen time at 15 years in boys were associated with lower overall use of medicines p adolescence showed lower use of medicines at 18 years of age.
To investigate the relationship between maternal depression and childhood caries in a cohort of adolescent mothers. When the children were months of age, data regarding oral health from children and mothers were collected by clinical dental examination. Independent variables were obtained by using questionnaires. Poisson regression analysis, using a hierarchical approach, was applied to assess the association between major depressive disorder in mothers with and those without caries experience and the outcome.
The prevalence of dental caries in children was The mean dmfs index was 1. The prevalence of major depressive disorder was An interaction between caries status and depressive disorder was found, and after adjusted analysis, children from mothers with major depressive disorder with negative caries experience presented a higher caries prevalence prevalence ratio 4.
Our findings suggest that maternal psychiatric disorders could have a negative impact on children's oral health. Karger AG, Basel. Estimating the direct costs of ischemic heart disease: evidence from a teaching hospital in BRAZIL , a retrospective cohort study.
Coronary artery disease is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease. To estimate the direct costs of managing ischemic heart disease patient care in a teaching hospital in Brazil from the perspective of the service payer, the Brazilian Unified Health System. This study was a retrospective cohort study for the identification and valuation of resources used at both the outpatient and in-hospital levels in a sample of patients selected from the hospital's ischemic heart disease clinic.
Data were collected from computerized hospital records and patients' hospital bills from January to October Unstable angina, revascularization procedures, diabetes, hypertension and obesity were predictors of higher hospitalization costs p cost estimates in this study indicate a high proportion of drug treatment costs in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Treatment costs are higher in the first year and at the end of treatment, and some clinical factors are associated with greater hospital care costs. These results may serve as a basis for the evaluation of existing public policies and inputs for cost-effectiveness studies in coronary artery disease. Predictors and health consequences of screen-time change during adolescence Pelotas Brazil birth cohort study. To investigate screen-time change from early to mid adolescence, its predictors, and its influence on body fat, blood pressure, and leisure-time physical activity.
We used data from a longitudinal prospective study , conducted among participants of the Pelotas Brazil Birth Cohort Study. At baseline, adolescents were, on average, 11 years old. They were later visited at age 15 years. Screen time was self-reported, accounting for the time spent watching television, playing video games, and using the computer. Several predictors were examined. The effect of screen-time change on some health outcomes was also analyzed. The groups that presented the highest increases in screen time were male, wealthiest, those whose mothers had higher education, and adolescents with a history of school failure.
There were positive associations between screen-time change and body mass index, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, and leisure-time physical activity at 15 years of age. Screen time increased from early to mid adolescence. This increment was higher among boys and the wealthiest adolescents. Increases in screen time affected body composition, with negative implications on adiposity.
Residents of Brazilian city of Pelotas are victims of peculiar prejudice: for more than century, Brazilians of every class and in every part of. Gay dating apps. Just over eight percent of the population of Brazil identify themselves within the LGTB group and using dating apps is a popular.
Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Maternal perception of the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in children: a cohort study of south Brazil. Adolescent mothers may have an inaccurate perception and awareness of dental trauma occurrence in children, which may influence whether or not they seek treatment.
Clinical data from children were collected through physical examination; demographic variables including socio-economic status and maternal perception of trauma occurrence were collected through interviews with the children's mothers. The prevalence of dental trauma was A total of Only 69 The maternal perception of dental trauma experienced by children showed no relationship with diagnosis on clinical examination.
Enamel fracture was the most prevalent type of trauma Owing to lack of awareness about TDI, the adolescent mothers in this study sample did not seek treatment for their children. Awareness campaigns for parents and caregivers about the possible consequences of TDI and the importance of follow up after dental trauma are required. The significance of biological, environmental, and social risk factors for prostate cancer in a cohort study in Brazil. Full Text Available Purpose To evaluate the significance of several risk factors for prostate cancer in a cohort of Brazilian men.
Results In men included in this study , prostate cancer prevalence was 0. Conclusions Risk factors associated with an increased prevalence of prostate cancer in this cohort included increasing age and African ethnicity. The influence of genetic ancestry on Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease outcomes is unknown. Potential confounding variables included sociodemographic characteristics and an array of health measures.
The prevalence of T. Baseline T. Cardiomyopathy in infected persons was not significantly associated with African or Native American ancestry levels. African and Native American ancestry levels had no significant effect modifying this association. Our findings indicate that African and Native American ancestry have no influence on the presence of major ECG abnormalities and had no influence on the ability of an ECG abnormality to predict mortality in older people infected with T.
In contrast, our results revealed a strong and independent association between prevalent T. Whether this association is a consequence of genetic background or differential exposure to infection remains to be determined. Symptomatic dengue infection during pregnancy and livebirth outcomes in Brazil , a retrospective observational cohort study. Dengue is a major public health challenge in Brazil. We assessed the relationship between symptomatic dengue infection during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in the country between and We probabilistically linked confirmed dengue-positive and dengue-negative pregnancies with live childbirths using Fine-Grained Record Integration and Linkage FRIL software.
We also included an external reference population of randomly selected newborn babies. Pregnancy was adopted as the unit of analysis. We assessed the relationship between symptomatic dengue infection during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates.
In the adjusted analysis, the risk of preterm birth. Most childbirths occur at the hospital, and the under-5 mortality rate is 20 per live births. In this article, we describe the geographic, demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, and environmental status of the MAL-ED cohort and case-control study populations in Fortaleza, Brazil.
For Permissions, please e-mail: journals. The association of birth order with later body mass index and blood pressure: a comparison between prospective cohort studies from the United Kingdom and Brazil. Previous studies have found greater adiposity and cardiovascular risk in first born children. The causality of this association is not clear. Examining the association in diverse populations may lead to improved insight.
In both cohorts , associations tended to be in the opposite direction in males, although no statistical evidence for gender interactions was found. The findings do not support an association between birth order and BMI or blood pressure. The objective of this study was to compare volunteers testing HIV positive at cohort entry with a sample of those who tested HIV negative in order to identify risk factors for prevalent HIV infection, in a population being screened for enrollment at Project Horizonte.
A nested case-control study was conducted. HIV positive volunteers at entry cases were matched by age and admission date to three HIV negative controls each.