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Similarly, LGBT students were less likely to feel comfortable sharing LGBT related activities on their residency application, but our results remain more promising than previous literature.
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In a large study of all undergraduate medical training programs in the USA and Canada, it was found that almost one third of LGBT medical students conceal their sexual identity in medical school [ 32 ]. Issues of gender identity continue to be a source of societal debate, and our results followed that trend.
While the overall opinion of treatment and acceptance of LGB students and individuals was mostly favorable among medical students, transgender issues tended to be less optimal Figure 2. Medical students felt less comfortable treating transgender patients, and students stated the lack of knowledge and training on transgender specific health issues as reasons for this. Prior publications demonstrate a similar pattern beyond the undergraduate level.
Among adolescent health care providers, only Identifying these gaps by healthcare providers is the first step in improving the curriculum. Similarly, more than two thirds of graduating medical students have described their LGBT curriculum as fair or worse, and only a minority However, most students in our study reported desire for further education around LGBT health issues Recent studies show that medical students are willing to participate in LGBT related training when offered the opportunity, even if it entailed a significant time commitment [ 37 ]. This study provides a significant contribution to the field of LGBT healthcare and related medical education.
It is the first study to target specifically a Canadian environment.
Strengths of this study include the assessment of overt discrimination and the overall inclusiveness of the school environment to LGBT medical students. Despite these strengths, the study has some limitations with a response rate at However, this is comparable to other studies in the field, where study participation was optional and did not offer any incentive [ 15 ]. As well, the study targeted only one medical school, and a broader study is required to be able to assess Canadian medical schools overall. Finally and similar to literature, LGBT students represented a high proportion among respondents The higher response rate noted in our study can be explained by LGBT students showing a higher interest in healthcare issues related to their own community [ 35 ].
This disproportionate response does not allow us to generalize our results. Similarly, heterosexual allies who view LGBT issues as important may also have been more likely to respond to the survey. While the body of literature covering disparities with regard to LGBT health, in both healthcare and medical education is growing, multiple gaps remain to be addressed.
Research has been focused on demonstrating these inequalities, and the prevalence of discrimination in the healthcare field. However, there is a lack of evidence on the best approach to change this. The overall results show low explicit bias, with students feeling comfortable providing care to most of the LGBT community. There was a consensus among students that further education and training regarding LGBT issues is needed as well as desired. However, incidences of heterosexism and to a lesser degree discrimination against LGBT individuals continue to occur.
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These factors and the fear of losing professional opportunities continue to weigh on LGBT medical students and impact their learning experience. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here. Read article at publisher's site DOI : Adv Med Educ Pract , , 08 Jun Transgend Health , 4 1 , 09 Oct Sex Med , 7 3 , 18 Jul J Homosex , 67 14 , 18 Jul Cited by: 0 articles PMID: This data has been text mined from the article, or deposited into data resources.
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McMillan HJ 2. Affiliations 1 author 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. The objectives of this study were: 1 to assess if medical students have perceived discrimination in their learning environment and; 2 to determine self-reported comfort level for caring for LGBT patients.
Response rate was Free full text. Med Educ Online. Published online Aug PMID: Hugh J. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Jun 19; Accepted Aug This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to:. Study survey The survey was based on a previous survey conducted at one of the teaching hospitals, which served as the pilot [ 24 ]. Survey respondents Responses were obtained from students. Table 1. Open in a separate window.
Figure 1. Discrimination Almost a third of medical students Table 2. Figure 2. Awareness An overwhelming majority of medical students felt confident in defining the terms gay Table 3. Table 4.
Personal beliefs on why individuals are LGBT. Safe space promotion and LGBT education Students were asked to select which measures they believe should be taken to promote equality and create a safe space Online, Appendix 3. A comparison of the mental health and well-being of sexual minority and heterosexual first-year medical students: a report from the medical student CHANGE Study.
Acad Med. Disparities in health insurance coverage, access, and outcomes for individuals in same-sex versus different-sex relationships, Am J Public Health. Health care access among individuals involved in same-sex relationships.
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CA Cancer J Clin. Women and lung disease. Sex differences and global health disparities. Sexual health of trans men who are gay, bisexual, or who have sex with men: results from Ontario, Canada. Int J Transgend. Washington DC ; Implicit bias against sexual minorities in medicine: cycles of professional influence and the role of the hidden curriculum. Under the radar: how unexamined biases in decision-making processes in clinical interactions can contribute to health care disparities.
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Specialty choice among sexual and gender minorities in medicine: the role of specialty prestige, perceived inclusion, and medical school climate. LGBT Health. J Homosex. Still in the closet: the invisible minority in medical education.
BMC Medical Education. Disclosure of sexual orientation by medical students and residency applicants.
Continue to 6 of 6 below. The age of consent for heterosexual sex was then 14 years of age. In , the federal government lifted the prohibition of gays serving in the armed forces. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here. Developmental Psychology, 51 5 , —
Student perspectives on the diversity climate at a U. BMC Res Notes. LGBT trainee and health professional perspectives on academic careers—facilitators and challenges. December; 2 4 — The impact of coming out on health and health care access: the experiences of gay, lesbian, bisexual and two-spirit people. J Health Soc Policy.