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Nonetheless, the most poorly reported items were associated with randomization allocation concealment, implementation of randomization and the definitions of period of recruitment and follow-up. The findings in this review indicated that the reporting quality of Tai Chi intervention trials is sub-optimal. We believe that not only investigators, but also journal editors, reviewers and funding agencies need to follow the CONSORT guidelines to improve the standards of research and strengthen the evidence base for Tai Chi and for complementary and alternative medicine.

Do older t'ai chi practitioners have better attention and memory function? Cognitive declines are common in older people and can be a major health issue in an aging world. One type of body-mind exercises, t'ai chi , can be a possible means to help maintaining older adults' cognitive abilities, in addition to beneficial effects of physical exercises. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether t'ai chi practitioners had better attention and memory functions than older people with or without regular exercises. A cross-sectional study examining the relationship between t'ai chi practice and age-, gender- and education-similar older peoples' attention and memory functions.

Forty-two 42 community-dwelling elderly subjects, aged 60 or older, recruited from t'ai chi clubs in Hong Kong formed the t'ai chi group. Another 49 elderly having regular exercise habits were recruited from community centers for inclusion in the exercise group. A nonexercise group normal healthy control consisting of 44 subjects were also recruited by random selection and through contacting local elderly centers.

The main finding was that the three groups differed in attention and memory functions, and the t'ai chi group had demonstrated better performance than the other two groups in most subtests. As a causal relationship cannot be assumed in the present cross-sectional study, future research is required to examine how t'ai chi can improve cognitive function using a randomized control trial as well as determining whether t'ai chi practice can lead to better health status among elderly people. Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on cognition of elderly women with mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: This is a pilot study with 26 elderly patients mean age of 74 years with Mild Cognitive Impairment. One group of 13 patients received two weekly minute classes of Tai Chi Chuan Yang style for 6 consecutive months, and the rest formed the Control Group.

The Control Group showed no significant differences in the cognitive tests during the study. Conclusions: In this study, a six-month program of Tai Chi Chuan afforded a significant improvement of the performance of memory complaints in the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Additional randomized studies with larger samples and more prolonged follow-up are needed to confirm these benefits. Changes of heart rate variability and prefrontal oxygenation during Tai Chi practice versus arm ergometer cycling. Whether the inclusion of mind over exercise would increase parasympathetic control of the heart and brain activities more than general exercise at a similar intensity is not known.

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Tai Chi mind-body exercise versus arm ergometer cycling body-focused exercise on the heart rate variability and prefrontal oxygenation level. Heart rate variability and prefrontal oxyhemoglobin levels were measured continuously by a RR recorder and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Also, prefrontal oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin levels were higher than those during arm ergometer exercise. Having a "mind" component in Tai Chi could be more beneficial for older adults' cardiac health and cognitive function than body-focused ergometer cycling.

Change in perceived psychosocial status following a week Tai Chi exercise programme. This paper reports a study to examine change in psychosocial status following a week Tai Chi exercise intervention among ethnic Chinese people with cardiovascular disease risk factors living in the United States of America. Regular participation in physical activity is associated with protection against cardioavascular disease, and improvements in physical and psychological health. Increasing amounts of scientific evidence suggests that mind-body exercise, such as Tai Chi , are related to improvements in mental health, emotional well-being, and stress reduction.

No prior study has examined the effect of a Tai Chi exercise intervention on psychosocial status among people with cardiovascular disease risk factors. This was a quasi-experimental study. Participants attended a minute Tai Chi exercise class three times per week for 12 weeks. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks following the intervention.

Tai Chi was a culturally appropriate mind-body exercise for these older adults, with statistically significant psychosocial benefits observed over weeks. Further research examining Tai Chi exercise using a randomized clinical trial design with an attention-control group may reduce potential confounding effects, while exploring potential mechanisms underlying the relaxation response associated with mind-body exercise.

In addition, future studies with people with other chronic illnesses in all ethnic groups are recommended to determine if similar benefits can be achieved. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare how weeks of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin exercise can modulate brain structure and memory function in older adults.

Results showed that both Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin could significantly increase grey matter volume GMV in the insula, medial temporal lobe, and putamen after weeks of exercise.

Baduanjin also improved mental control, recognition, touch, and comprehension memory subscores of the WMS-CR compared to the control group. Memory quotient and visual reproduction subscores were both associated with GMV increases in the putamen and hippocampus. Our results demonstrate the potential of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin exercise for the prevention of memory deficits in older adults.

Full Text Available Introduction. Patients with end-stage renal disease ESRD have poor physical performance and exercise capacity due to frequent dialysis treatments.

Patients and Methods. Twenty dialysis patients from Wroclaw took part in the training; at the end of the project, 14 patients remained age A 6-minute walk test 6MWT and spiroergometry were performed at the beginning and after 6 months of training. In the ESRD patients taking part in Tai Chi training, a definite improvement in exercise tolerance was recorded after the 6-month training.

Tai Chi exercises conducted on days without dialysis can be an effective and interesting form of rehabilitation for patients, offering them a chance for a better quality of life and fewer falls and hospitalisations that are the result of it. Fall risk-relevant functional mobility outcomes in dementia following dyadic tai chi exercise.

Whether persons with dementia benefit from fall prevention exercise is unclear. Applying the Positive Emotion-Motivated Tai Chi protocol, preliminary findings concerning adherence and effects of a dyadic Tai Chi exercise program on persons with Alzheimer's disease AD are reported. UST adjusted mean improved from 4. Retaining dementia patients in an exercise intervention remains challenging. The dyadic Tai Chi approach appears to succeed in keeping AD-caregiver dyads exercising and safe. Tai Chi for treating knee osteoarthritis: Designing a long-term follow up randomized controlled trial.

Currently, there are neither feasible preventive intervention strategies nor effective medical remedies for the management of KOA. Tai Chi , an ancient Chinese mind-body exercise that is reported to enhance muscle function, balance and flexibility, and to reduce pain, depression and anxiety, may safely and effectively be used to treat KOA. However, current evidence is inconclusive. Our study examines the effects of a week Tai Chi program compared with an attention control wellness education and stretching on pain, functional capacity, psychosocial variables, joint proprioception and health status in elderly people with KOA.

The study will be completed by July The minute intervention sessions take place twice weekly for 12 weeks.

The study is conducted at an urban tertiary medical center in Boston, Massachusetts. Secondary outcomes include weekly WOMAC pain, function and stiffness scores, patient and physician global assessments, lower-extremity function, knee proprioception, depression, self-efficacy, social support, health-related quality of life, adherence and occurrence of adverse events after 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Discussion In this article, we present the challenges of designing a randomized controlled trial with long-term follow up.

The challenges encountered in this design are: strategies for recruitment, avoidance of selection bias, the actual practice of Tai Chi , and the maximization of adherence. FEATURES The book is organised into four sections, each containing four to seven chapters: the first section focuses on biomechanical and physiological aspects of Tai Chi in seven chapters, the second section addresses the benefits of the sport in terms of sensory motor control and fall prevention in five chapters, the third section highlights the psychological and social aspects in four chapters, and in the last section the application of Tai Chi in clinical intervention such as in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseases, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes is demonstrated in six chapters.

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In fact, anyone already practicing Tai Chi Chuan or considering it up would benefit from this book. The book is for everybody who is interested in understanding the effects and application of this fascinating form of exercise which has been developed as a form of martial arts and used for health exercise for centuries in China. Tai Chi for osteopenic women: design and rationale of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Full Text Available Abstract Background Post-menopausal osteopenic women are at increased risk for skeletal fractures.

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Current osteopenia treatment guidelines include exercise, however, optimal exercise regimens for attenuating bone mineral density BMD loss, or for addressing other fracture-related risk factors e. Tai Chi is an increasingly popular weight bearing mind-body exercise that has been reported to positively impact BMD dynamics and improve postural control, however, current evidence is inconclusive.

This study will determine the effectiveness of Tai Chi in reducing rates of bone turnover in post-menopausal osteopenic women, compared with standard care, and will preliminarily explore biomechanical processes that might inform how Tai Chi impacts BMD and associated fracture risks. They have been randomized to a group-based 9-month Tai Chi program plus standard care or to standard care only. A unique aspect of this trial is its pragmatic design, which allows participants randomized to Tai Chi to choose from a pre-screened list of community-based Tai Chi programs.

Interviewers masked to participants' treatment group assess outcomes at baseline and 3 and 9 months after randomization.

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