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Otherwise depending on the circumstances and setting, politics and soccer are always guaranteed hours of colorful conversation. However, topics to possibly avoid would consist of Chile historical rivalry , the epoch of terrorism and abortion and civil union; the latter two have definitely been topics of debate not only for religious beliefs but political divergence.
For non-verbal communication, handshake is the most common greeting. While shaking with the right hand, it is common practice to touch the arm of the other person with your left hand, especially among men. When introducing a male and female, it is common practice for them to kiss each other once on the cheek. This practice is common among urban people, but not among Andean people who prefer handshaking and a hug.
Conversations and relationships can be affected by volume and tone of voice. Peruvians usually speak softly, as speaking loudly is considered disrespectful. Cultural value orientation can affect the objective meaning of statements. Affirmative or negative statements can often be misunderstood by Canadians because of these cultural differences.

Peruvians are not always direct in their communication. Sometimes they go around before getting to the point. However, once immersed in the culture, one will discover that there is an implied code of meaning which is understood among Peruvians.
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Communication tend to become more direct and frank once you have developed a strong relationship with them. Greeting in Peru is important, be it in a professional setting or social gathering. A firm hand shake and or a kiss on one cheek in the case of a female acquaintance is customary both at the outset of a meeting and as well upon concluding a meeting. While conducting a meeting, eye contact is essential and more often than not, greater use of hand gestures and amplified tone of voice.
First name basis develops overtime as do short forms or nicknames but only to be used if prompted or have established confidence. Lastly, do not assume that in a business setting, everyone speaks English, the language of business is Spanish and it is advisable to hire an interpreter to conduct meetings.
In a social setting, any attempt to speak Spanish despite an obvious accent or limited fluidity will be welcomed. Displays of emotions are not acceptable in the work place. Peruvians tend to show their best attitude even in painful or problematic situations. However, when most Peruvian are mad at you, they tend to express this by becoming drastically silent towards you, which could last for days. Display of emotions is quite liberal in Peru, perhaps more so than in North America. It is not uncommon to see public display of affection, mostly the younger generation given that young adults still live with their parents up until marriage gradually changing.
That being said, not only is affection more heightened but unfortunately so is anger. Anger tends to be more intensified specifically when it comes to protests and strikes. Peruvians use violence recurrently as a tactic to get a message across as dialogue is perceived and believed to be ineffective and drawn out in some social groups.
Violence has proved time and time again to pressure politicians to react immediately rather than diffuse issues. As a result news are plagued with violence and unfortunately insecurity is on the rise and perhaps part of the Peruvian psyche once again. For Peruvians, good impressions are based on good physical looks such as ironed clothes, polished shoes and self-grooming e. Peruvians are sensitive to smell.
Some people will use perfume, however, everybody tries to show evidence of daily hygiene. In terms of clothing, Peruvians dress formally at work not necessarily a suit, but clothes that conform to Peruvian standards. It is recommended for women to avoid mini-skirts to be respectful of the masculine gender.
Punctuality is very hard in Lima due to the lack of modern transportation infrastructure. This generates huge traffic jams all over the city from 6 a. Employees often have to leave home 2 hours early in order to get to work on time. Most Peruvian bosses are very strict on late arriving employees.
Peruvian employee do not have freedom to plan their work schedule, they have to work within the confines of the schedule provided by their boss or company. Everybody starts and finishes at the same time. Most late employees receive hard sanctions or could even get fired if they are frequently late. On the other hand, employees might accept to work extra time if needed. In the workplace, colleagues may call one another by their first names, depending on their relationship. Similarly to the formality of greeting, in terms of attire, the work environment is considered formal although it can depend on the sector.
Mining, infrastructure and construction are more casual outside of corporate offices. Much the same for social outings; women tend to dress more formally and elegant than in North America. Weddings are formal events. Contrary to ten years ago, Peru now has impressive shopping malls with many high end stores. Whereas punctuality varies from person to person, there is no one template.
In business, for the most part, people are punctual but tardiness is not unusual, mostly given the chaotic traffic in Lima. Deadlines are a guessing game at times: manana tomorrow can mean many different things to different people therefore defining dates and times are always recommended than open ended.
Peruvians tend to respect a leader with such qualities as models to emulate.
Most leaders will develop closer relations with one or two employees in order to receive some feedback. Most Peruvians work long hours; twelve hours a day on average plus commuting 5 to 6 days a week. Peruvians would prefer an honest, open and communicative manager. Managers should be direct within limits but direction is important in Peru without being a micro manager. However, with staggering rates of informality in Peru, such managers are scarce. A notable difference between North America and Peru, is that in North America managers tend to give more autonomy to their employees than in Peru.
This has put people from Criollo ethnicity people who claim Spanish heritage at the top of the social and political hierarchy. This has an impact on the workplace, especially in the allocation of positions and duties. Despite that, women and Andean populations have improved their access to education and in more modern times can be found working in public institutions.
Senior leadership and managerial positions continue to be held mostly by people of Criollo —explaining this social dynamics is difficult to do in a short paragraph. People of Cholo background are often discriminated on the grounds of credibility even intellectual ; this attitude can come from men or women.
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On the other hand, people who claim to be Criollo do not necessarily look like Europeans in appearance. This goes to show that ethnicity is often based on an unconscious bias and attitude deeply ingrained in the Peruvian mentality. The ethnic differences are more entrenched in the values, with Criollo people embracing European and North American values modernity, progress, global life, leadership, positions, etc. This class perception also affects women with the Criolla woman discriminating against the Cholo woman. You will observe that TV hosts for ads, news, etc.
In fact, media projects images of beauty that do not reflect the cultural reality of most Peruvians.

This affects the workplace relations, example, when a Criollo is subordinated to a position occupied by a Cholo. Gender, class and ethnicity in Peru remains an issue of discrimination although it has improved considerably. Prominent families such as the Benavides, Brescia and Romero to name only a few are leading entrepreneurs in Peru dominating the mining, financial, banking, insurance, hospitality sectors, etc.
The contrast between the ultra-rich and middle class and poor segment of the population can be a factor in organization behaviour and office dynamics. Women are starting to make great strides but mostly dominate in the household for the time being. Peruvian Constitution allows freedom of religion. The major religion in Peru is Roman Catholicism which was first introduced by Spanish conquistadores, and then imposed by Colonial and Republican rule.
Peruvian Catholicism is practiced distinctly by two areas. The first, oriented more to European European and North Americanvalues such as modernity, progress, and global lifeispracticed in urban areas. The second one, associated to pre-modernity, native traditions, rural background, poverty, etc, is practiced in Andean and rural regions, as well as in suburban marginalized areas. Andean and popular religiosity has a holistic worldview that also includes cultural, social, and spiritual values and practices.
This concept has its roots in pre-Columbian polytheistic and theocratic religions and systems of belief. Despite the official dogma of the Catholic Church, Peruvian Catholicism is the result of five hundred years of syncretism. This is especially evident in the Andes, in rural regions, and, in the last decades, in marginalized urban areas where millions of Andean migrants live.
In real life, a Peruvian can go to church on Sunday in order to celebrate official Catholic rituals, but at the same time he or she can rely on and still practice Andean rituals related to health and spiritual healing. The official Catholic Church has influence in current political and social life.