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Anti-Muslim violence is planned and executed to render Muslims economically and socially crippled and, as a final outcome of that economic and social backwardness, assimilating them into lower rungs of Hindu society. Cultural nationalism has also been given as a reason for instances of violence carried out by Shiv Sena which initially claimed to speak for the people of Maharashtra , but quickly turned their rhetoric to inciting violence against Muslims.
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The Shiv Sena were complicit in the violence in in the town of Bhiwandi , and again in the violence in Bombay in and Anti-Muslim violence creates a security risk for Hindus residing outside of India. Since the s, there have been retaliatory attacks on Hindus in Pakistan and Bangladesh in response to anti-Muslim violence in India.
Jamaat-e-Islami Hind has spoken out against these communal clashes, as it believes that the violence not only impacts upon Muslims, but India as a whole, and that these riots are damaging to India's progress. The majority of those arrested under the act were Muslim. The BJP politicians, as well as those of other parties, argue that demographics play an essential role in Indian elections.
The BJP believe that the higher the number of Muslims within a constituency, the higher are the chances of centrist parties to acquiesce to minority groups' requests, which lowers the chances of Muslims "building bridges" with their Hindu neighbours. As such, according to this argument "Muslim appeasement" is the root cause of communal violence.
As India's economy expanded due to globalization and investment from overseas companies, the expectations of the Hindu population were not matched by the opportunities. Hindu nationalists then encouraged the perception of Muslims as the source of the Hindus' troubles. The actions of anti-Hindu and anti-India militant groups in Kashmir and Pakistan have reinforced anti-Muslim feelings in India, which has strengthened the Hindu Right. The Hindutva discourse portrays Muslims as traitors and state enemies, whose patriotism is suspected.
Riots between Hindus and Muslims had left over a hundred people dead, people were injured. Over people were arrested. Muslims in Kolkata became more ghettoized than ever before in the aftermath of this riot. Violence was also seen in rural West Bengal. In the state of Assam in the Nellie massacre occurred. Nearly 1, Muslims of Bengali origin were slaughtered by Lalung tribespeople also known as Tiwa at a village called Nellie.
One reason cited for this incident is that it resulted from a build-up of resentment over immigration. There was widespread support for the movement, which tapered off between and The movement demanded that anyone who had entered the state illegally since be deported. The central government, however, insisted on a cutoff date of Towards the end of , the central government called elections and the movement called for people to boycott it, which led to the widespread violence.
The official Tiwari Commission report on the Nellie massacre is still a closely guarded secret only three copies exist. Since, then there have been no instances of communal violence in Upper Assam. During the Gujarat riots , it is estimated that people lost their lives. There were large amounts of arson and vandalism of Muslim-owned properties. In in Moradabad, an estimated 2, people were killed [68]. The official estimate is and other observers estimate between 1, and 2, Local police were directly implicated in planning the violence.
Hashimpura massacre happened on 22 May , during the Hindu-Muslim riots in Meerut city in Uttar Pradesh state, India, when 19 personnel of the Provincial Armed Constabulary PAC allegedly rounded up 42 Muslim youth from the Hashimpura mohalla locality of the city, took them in truck to the outskirts, near Murad Nagar , in Ghaziabad district , where they were shot and their bodies were dumped in water canals.
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A few days later dead bodies were found floating in the canals. In May , 16 of the 19 accused surrendered, and were later released on bail, while 3 were already dead. The trial of the case was transferred by the Supreme Court of India in from Ghaziabad to a Sessions Court at the Tis Hazari complex in Delhi , [71] [72] where it was the oldest pending case. On October 31, , the Delhi High Court convicted the 16 personnel of the PAC and sentenced them to life imprisonment, overturning the trial courts verdict.
On 24 October in the Bhagalpur district of Bihar , the violent incidents happened for over 2 months. The violence affected the Bhagalpur city and villages around it. Over 1, people were killed, and another 50, were displaced as a result of the violence. It was the worst Hindu-Muslim violence in independent India at the time [78] [79] [80].
The destruction of the Babri Mosque by Hindu nationalists led directly to the Bombay riots. Several scholars have likewise concluded that the riots must have been pre-planned, and that Hindu rioters had been given access to information about the locations of Muslim homes and businesses from non-public sources.
Deshmukh, gave evidence to the commission tasked with probing the riots. He said the failures in intelligence and prevention had been due to political assurances that the mosque in Ayodhya would be protected, that the police were fully aware of the Shiv Sena's capabilities to commit acts of violence, and that they had incited hate against the minority communities.
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Since partition, Muslim community has been subject to and engaged in violence in Gujarat. The starting point for the incident was the Godhra train burning which was allegedly done by Muslims.
Mallika Sarabhai , who had complained over state complicity in the violence, was harassed, intimidated and falsely accused of human trafficking by the BJP. In , Tehelka magazine released " The Truth: Gujarat ," a report which implicated the state government in the violence, and claimed that what had been called a spontaneous act of revenge was, in reality, a "state-sanctioned pogrom". The Muslim community is reported to have reacted with "anger and disbelief," and activist Teesta Setalvad has said the legal fight was not yet over, as they had the right to appeal. In year between August to September, conflicts between the two major religious communities Hindu and Muslims happened in Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh state.
This riots resulted in at least 62 deaths including 42 Muslims and 20 Hindus and injured and left more than 50, displaced. The Delhi riots , which left 53 dead and more than seriously injured, [] were triggered by protests against a citizenship law seen by critics as anti-Muslim.
On June 15 , at Mangalore, in Karnataka, a tempo driver Mohd Hanif was brutally beaten up by the cow vigilante lynch mob and damaged the tempo vehicle. Reportedly, the men belonged to Bajrang Dal [] [] []. On 23 August at Panipat in Haryana, a year old Akhlaq Salmani was beaten with bricks and clubs and his right arm carrying '' Numerology based Muslim believers consider it Holy was cut off with chainsaw [].
On 03 September at Karnal, Haryana, an Imam of a masjid Mohammad Ahsan was with sharp-edged swords, rods and batons with heavy injuries to the victim's head []. On 16 April at Rasana village near Kathua in Jammu and Kashmir , a 8-year-old girl Asifa Bano was abducted, gang raped, and murdered [] [] []. The film Parzania , which is based on the Gulbarg Society massacre which occurred during the violence, was boycotted by cinemas in Gujarat over fear of sparking another riot.
The film documents atrocities such as families being burned alive in their homes by Hindu extremists, women being set on fire after being gang-raped, and children being hacked to pieces. Final Solution by Rakesh Sharma is considered one of the better documentaries which covers the violence in Gujarat in From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Violence against Muslims in India.
Ahmedabad Nellie Bhagalpur Moradabad Mumbai Gujarat Bhiwandi Meerut , Muzaffarnagar Ayodhya Main article: Nellie massacre.
Clear My notification inbox. Archived from the original on 31 January Caste and beauty are classic considerations for hopefuls in India's marriage market. Yet they also feel the yearning, and sometimes societal pressure, to marry. As such, according to this argument "Muslim appeasement" is the root cause of communal violence. Washington Post. Over 1, people were killed, and another 50, were displaced as a result of the violence.
Main articles: Gujarat riots and Gujarat riots. Main article: Hashimpura massacre. Main article: Bhagalpur violence. Main article: Bombay riots. Main article: Gujarat violence. Main article: Muzaffarnagar riots. Main article: Delhi riots. Harvard University Press. Sociology and Social Anthropology in India. Pearson Education India.
Delhi between Two Empires. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
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The Sangh Parivar: A Reader. Archived from the original on 22 June We, or Our Nationhood Defined. Sociology of Religion. University of Chicago Press. Communalism and communal violence in India: an analytical approach to Hindu-Muslim conflict.