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We studied, prospectively, 80 consecutive cases of patients with penile cancers who underwent surgical treatment at three different Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro between March and June Of these patients, 72 were diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma and 8 patients with verrucous carcinoma. The following parameters were observed: presence or absence of HPV DNA viral type, histological subtypes, clinical stage and overall survival. High risk HPVs were detected in 15 of 54 HPV 16 was the most frequent type observed. The overall survival was related to the presence of lymph node metastases p Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a context of universal access, in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
Adherence is integral to improving and maintaining the health and quality of life of people living with HIV. Two-hundred HIV-positive adults recruited from teaching hospitals and non-governmental organizations NGOs in Rio de Janeiro City were assessed on socio-demographic factors, adherence to antiretroviral therapy ART and psychosocial factors hypothesized to be associated with ART.
Predictors of non-adherence were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Non-adherence was associated with personal factors i. Adherence in Brazil is as good, if not better, than that seen in the US and western Europe, which is noteworthy since the sample was derived predominantly from public healthcare settings.
Recommendations, based on study findings, include enhancing and sustaining supportive services for NGOs, promoting patient self-efficacy and behavioral skills for adherence, increasing social network support and having healthcare providers directly address patients' medication beliefs, attitudes and experience with side effects.
Mortality in children, adolescents and adults with sickle cell anemia in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil. To determine the mortality rate of children, adolescents and adults with sickle cell anemia in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
The number of deaths, the mortality rate and the causes of deaths in patients with sickle cell anemia who were treated and followed up at our institution for 15 years were determined and compared to data available for the Brazilian population. The overall number of deaths was patients with a mortality rate of Survival probability was significantly higher in females.
The number of deaths and the mortality rate were age-specific with a significant increase in the to year-old age group. The remaining life expectancy of the patients with sickle cell anemia was less than that of Brazilians at large. The gap between the two was about 20 years for ages between one and five years with this gap decreasing to ten years after the age of 65 years.
The most common causes of death were infection, acute chest syndrome, overt stroke, organ damage and sudden death during painful crises. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Brazilian study in a single institution in Rio de Janeiro ; the mortality rate was The mortality rates in children and adults are higher than those reported in developed countries of the northern hemisphere. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. To evaluate dentists' professional experience and knowledge of emergency management of tooth avulsion injuries in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
A total of questionnaires were evaluated.

The first part of the questionnaire consisted of questions regarding personal information. The second part evaluated dentists' knowledge of emergency management in cases of dental avulsion. The responses for each question were counted and expressed as percentages. All dentists had a college degree or above.

Only three dentists had a Master's or PhD degree. Most of the dentists However, the dentists did not show consistent responses about the adequate time and ideal storage media to transport avulsed teeth. The study highlighted Brazilian dentists' need for continuing education in order to improve current knowledge in emergency management of avulsed teeth.
Polar drug residues in sewage and natural waters in the state of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
The drug residues of lipid regulators, anti-inflammatories and some drug metabolites have been detected in raw sewage, treated waste water and river water in the state of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil. These residues are mainly derived from humans via excretion. The median concentrations in the effluents of sewage treatment plants STPs of most drugs investigated in this study ranged from 0. As a consequence of the incomplete removal of these residues during passage through a STP, rivers were also found to be contaminated.
Median concentrations ranged from between 0. Clonal multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium striatum within a nosocomial environment, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil. Corynebacterium striatum is a potentially pathogenic microorganism with the ability to produce outbreaks of nosocomial infections.
Here, we document a nosocomial outbreak caused by multidrug-resistant MDR C. Fifteen C. The data demonstrated the predominance of PFGE type I, comprising 11 MDR isolates that were mostly isolated from intensive care units and surgical wards. A potential causal link between death and MDR C. Multivariate analysis applied to monthly rainfall over Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall were identified over the state of Rio de Janeiro , southeast Brazil.
The proximity to the coast and the complex topography create great diversity of rainfall over space and time. The dataset consisted of time series of monthly rainfall over meteorological stations. Clustering analysis made it possible to divide the stations into six groups G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 with similar rainfall spatio-temporal patterns.
A linear regression model was applied to a time series and a reference. The reference series was calculated from the average rainfall within a group, using nearby stations with higher correlation Pearson.
Based on t-test p Brazil. The second group G2 contains stations over all the state, from Serra da Mantiqueira Mantiqueira Mountains and Costa Verde Green coast , to the south, up to stations in the Northern parts of the state. Group 3 G3 contains stations in the highlands over the state Serrana region , while group 4 G4 has stations over the northern areas and the continent-facing side of Serra do Mar. The driest months in all regions were June, July and August, while November, December and January were the rainiest months.
Sharp transitions occurred when considering monthly accumulated rainfall: from January to February, and from February to March, likely associated with episodes of "veranicos", i.
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in the vaccine era in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil. Hi isolates recovered from cerebrospinal fluid CSF or blood from to were serotyped by slide agglutination, genotyped by multilocus sequence typing MLST , and the capsule type evaluation, differentiation of serologically non-typeable isolates, and characterisation of the capsule cap locus was done by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using E-test. Hib and b- variant isolates belonged to ST-6, whereas serotype a isolates belonged to the ST clonal complex.
Serotype a appeared to emerge during the s. Non-encapsulated isolates were non-clonal and distinct from the encapsulated isolates. These results indicate the need to implement an enhanced surveillance system to continue monitoring the impact of the Hib conjugate vaccine. Haemophilus influenzae Hi serotype b Hib conjugate vaccine was incorporated into the infant immunisation schedule in Brazil in , where Hib was one of the major etiologic sources of community-acquired bacterial meningitis.
The purpose of this study is to describe the molecular epidemiology of invasive Hi disease in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil , before and after vaccine introduction.
Surveillance data from to were analysed. Although Hi meningitis became a relatively rare disease in Rio de Janeiro after the introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine, the isolates recovered from patients have become more diverse. One of the main concerns of contemporary society regarding prevailing climate change is related to possible changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme events.
Strong heat and cold waves, droughts, severe floods, and other climatic extremes have been of great interest to researchers because of its huge impact on the environment and population, causing high monetary damages and, in some cases, loss of life.
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The frequency and intensity of extreme events associated with precipitation and air temperature have been increased in several regions of the planet in recent years. These changes produce serious impacts on human activities such as agriculture, health, urban planning and development and management of water resources. In this paper, we analyze the trends in indices of climatic extremes related to daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperatures at 22 meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology INMET in Rio de Janeiro State Brazil in the last 50 years.
The present trends are evaluated using the software RClimdex Canadian Meteorological Service and are also subjected to statistical tests. Moreover, the intensity of heavy rainfall is also growing in most of Rio de Janeiro , except in "Costa Verde". With respect to temperature, it is found that the frequency of hot cold days and nights is. Background Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , experienced a severe dengue fever epidemic in This was the worst epidemic ever, characterized by a sharp increase in case-fatality rate, mainly among younger individuals.
A combination of factors, such as climate, mosquito abundance, buildup of the susceptible population, or viral evolution, could explain the severity of this epidemic. The main objective of this study is to model the spatial patterns of dengue seroprevalence in three neighborhoods with different socioeconomic profiles in Rio de Janeiro. As blood sampling coincided with the peak of dengue transmission, we were also able to identify recent dengue infections and visually relate them to Aedes aegypti spatial distribution abundance.
Weekly mosquito collections started in September and continued until March In each study area, 40 adult traps and 40 egg traps were installed in a random sample of premises, and two infestation indexes calculated: mean adult density and mean egg density. Sera from individuals living in the three neighborhoods were collected before the epidemic July through November and during the epidemic February through April From the before—after epidemics paired data, we described seroprevalence, recent dengue infections asymptomatic or not , and seroconversion. Recent dengue infection varied from 1.
The highest IgM seropositivity occurred in the slum, where mosquito abundance was the lowest, but household conditions were the best for promoting contact between hosts and vectors. By fitting spatial GAM we found dengue.
The human being has always been concerned with the preservation of memory, of cultural heritage. Only now he started to protect its natural heritage and the immediate environment. It is time to learn how to protect the Earth's past and, through this protection and learn to know it. This memory comes before the human memory. It is a new asset: the geological heritage, a book written long before our appearance on the Planet On the other hand, Brazil is a signatory of the Convention for the Protection of the World Heritage Cultural and Natural UNESCO, , where the nations recognize to keep under their responsibility the conservation, to the rest of humanity and future generations, goods of exceptional value situated within its territorial limits, considered as World Heritage.